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- $Unique_ID{BRK03576}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Celiac Sprue}
- $Subject{Celiac Sprue Celiac disease Nontropical Sprue Gluten Enteropathy
- Gee-Herter Disease Gee-Thaysen Disease Huebner-Herter Disease Idiopathic
- Steatorrhea}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 222:
- Celiac Sprue
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Celiac Sprue) is not the
- name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Celiac disease
- Nontropical Sprue
- Gluten Enteropathy
- Gee-Herter Disease
- Gee-Thaysen Disease
- Huebner-Herter Disease
- Idiopathic Steatorrhea
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Celiac Sprue is a chronic, hereditary, intestinal malabsorption disorder
- caused by intolerance to gluten. The illness is characterized by a flat
- jejunal (part of the intestine) mucosa. Clinical and/or histologic
- improvement of symptoms follow withdrawal of dietary gluten.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Celiac Sprue may be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Family studies show
- that typical mucosal abnormalities can appear in healthy siblings of affected
- patients. Genetic markers HLA-B8 and HLA-DW3, have been shown to occur in
- 80% of persons with Celiac Sprue.
-
- The disease may be manifested for the first time in infancy or adulthood.
- Children, from 6 months to 3 years of age, usually show growth failure and
- may or may not have diarrhea, projectile vomiting and a bloated abdomen.
-
- The most common clinical symptoms for adults usually include some of the
- following:
-
- 1. Weight loss
- 2. Chronic diarrhea
- 3. Abdominal cramping and bloating
- 4. Intestinal gas and abdominal distention
- 5. Muscle wasting.
-
- Appetite is often increased to the point of craving food. Weakness, lack
- of energy and fatigue are also common. Other symptoms may include:
-
- 1. Changes in the mucous membrane of the mouth and of other tissues due
- to a vitamin deficiency (such as a smooth tongue and cracks in the corners of
- the mouth
- 2. Mineral deficiency symptoms such as anemia, muscle cramping
- (typically leg cramps from calcium deficiency)
- 3. Edema due to low blood protein level.
-
- There is a great deal of variation in the combination of clinical
- symptoms exhibited by persons with Celiac Sprue. This is thought to be
- related to the variation in the amount of intestinal damage and the length of
- time nutrient absorption has been abnormal.
-
- A less common problem is Dermatitis herpetiformis, which may be present
- in some patients with Celiac Sprue. Small itchy blisters appear on the skin
- surface, most commonly on body pressure points such as elbows, knees and
- feet.
-
- When the absorptive lining of the small intestine is damaged, fats cannot
- be absorbed normally. This results in fatty diarrhea, weight loss and
- malabsorption of the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and K. A decrease of these
- vitamins may lead to some of the following problems:
-
- 1. Vitamin A deficiency may result in night blindness (follicular
- hyperkeratosis)
- 2. Vitamin D deficiency may cause a softening of the bones
- (osteomalacia) and muscle cramps, bone pain, fractures, or tetany.
- 3. Vitamin K deficiency may lead to decreased blood clotting.
-
- The malabsorption of other nutrients, salt, and water may result in
- dehydration, electrolyte depletion, growth retardation, edema, and anemia.
- Milk sugar (lactose) intolerance, numbness and tingling in fingers and toes
- (peripheral neuropathy), central nervous system and spinal cord lesions can
- also occur.
-
- Personality changes are especially common in children with Celiac Sprue;
- concentration may become difficult and they may be irritable, cranky, and
- have difficulties with mental alertness and memory function. These symptoms
- can also occur in adults.
-
- Further complications may include a gradual softening and bending of the
- bones (osteomalacia) and loss of bone substance (osteoporosis). Bone
- fractures may also occur more easily.
-
- A characteristic symptom of Celiac Sprue involves the normal finger-like
- projections (villi) in the intestine. These villi increase the absorptive
- surface area of the small intestine. In Celiac Sprue, the villi are
- partially or totally absent, and the brush border which normally appears on
- the surface of the villi is substantially flattened or reduced.
-
- Causes
-
- Celiac Sprue is a hereditary congenital disorder. Gluten is a protein which
- is present in wheat, oats, rye, barley and probably millet. Gliadin which is
- a part of gluten cannot be absorbed properly by patients with Celiac Sprue.
- This causes physiological deficiencies as well as intestinal abnormalities.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Celiac Sprue affects males and females equally. Although the disorder begins
- in infancy, it is sometimes not diagnosed until the patient reaches
- adulthood.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Whipple's Disease or Intestinal Lipodystrophy is an uncommon illness occuring
- predominantly in males aged 30 to 60 years. It is characterized by anemia,
- skin pigmentation, joint symptoms (joint pain or arthralgia and arthritis),
- weight loss, and severe malabsorption.
-
- Tropical Sprue is a disease of unknown cause characterized by
- malabsorption, multiple nutritional deficiencies, and abnormalities in the
- small bowel mucosa.
-
- (For more information on Whipple's Disease and Tropical Sprue, please
- choose Whipple and Tropical Sprue as your search terms in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Celiac Sprue can be differentiated from Whipple's Disease and Tropical
- Sprue by the pathological examination of a biopsy from the small intestines
- which show flat or absent villi.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Gluten must be completely excluded from the diet of people with Celiac Sprue.
- Advice from a dietitian is needed.
-
- Supplementary vitamins, minerals, and agents which improve blood
- formation (hematinics) may be prescribed depending upon the degree of the
- deficiency. Children, and rarely adults, who are seriously ill when they are
- first diagnosed may require a period of intravenous feeding.
-
- A few patients who do not respond adequately at first to gluten
- withdrawal may respond to a period of treatment with oral steroids such as
- prednisone.
-
- If, after eight weeks of a gluten-free diet the symptoms still persist,
- other tests are indicated to see if diseases such as lymphoma or carcinoma
- are present.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Celiac Sprue, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Gluten Intolerance Group
- P.O. Box 23053
- Seattle, WA 98102
- (206) 325-6980
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-2162
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 742-3.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. Pp. 789, 792, 1832.
-
- CELIAC SPRUE, Trier, Jerry S., N Eng J Med, December 12 1991, (issue 325
- (24)). Pp. 1709-1719.
-
-